After going through many texts to prepare for the exam in the Russian language, we identified the main problems encountered there. For each of them, we selected the corresponding arguments from the literature. All of them are available for download in the form of a table, a link at the end of the article.

Courage in war

1. B. L. Vasiliev, “And the dawns here are quiet.” Weak sex and hellish war - now such a harsh life situation is easy to imagine. Boris Vasiliev in this story talks about the war with Nazi Germany. In order to stop the invaders, the main character, the commandant of a small military unit, Fedot Vaskov, takes on the task five brave girls, anti-aircraft gunners: Rita, Zhenya, Sonya, Lisa and Galya. They left a quiet life in the rear for the sake of protecting the homeland. Rita was waiting for her husband, little son and sick mother. Lisa - dad and study at the college. Sonya is a large family and university. The war took away from them not only happiness, but also life. Such a high price did not stop the fragile girls. They were not afraid that they would have to go to any conditions in order to destroy the enemy. Each girl died for the free future of the people and did not regret her choice. On the contrary, courageously and heroically fought with the Germans for a peaceful future.
2. T.N. Teterskaya, "Captive of a besieged childhood." The writer survived after the blockade in Leningrad. The work is based on biographical material. War greatly affects people. If the adult psyche breaks down, it is scary to imagine what happens to the nursery. Little children and war are truly a heartbreaking sight from which tears cannot be restrained. This St. Petersburg novel tells about how unhappy women try to hide and feed two small defenseless children. Too many troubles fell on the fragile shoulders of two sisters. They go for real feats: to bring food under tight control, risking their lives. All these sacrifices were made in order to bring children at least a small tiny piece of food and save their life. The book also tells about the harsh life after the tests, which also reveals the courage of Russian people who fought even in the rear.
3. Olga Gromova, “Sugar Child”. The book describes the complex 30s - 40s in the USSR. The father of a little girl, Eli was recognized as an enemy of the people, he finds himself in the NKVD. Now mother and daughter are forced to exist in the camp of Kyrgyzstan CSIR (members of the family of traitors to the motherland) and ESR (socially dangerous elements). At the age of five, Elya already experienced what war is, repressions, as a result, she learned what incessant illnesses, hunger, cold and poverty are. But these life trials did not break the woman and her little daughter. They had the patience and courage to follow the main rule of their life: never to be afraid of anything. Thus, they defeated fear, remained good people and somehow tried to brighten up the terrible days in the camp: they sang songs, read poetry and continued to truly care and love each other.

Manifestation of courage for the sake of ...

The goals

1. Stephen King, The Green Mile. The story is narrated on behalf of the former federal prison warden, Paul Edgecomb. In block "E" are criminals sentenced to death in an electric chair. In this terrible place is an innocent man named John Coffey. He is accused of raping and killing two twin girls. Criminals cannot be released from prison, but Paul Edgecomb violates this rule because he found a gift from John. It turned out that the condemned could heal people. The prison warden's wife, Melinda Moores, is dying of cancer. Paul realizes that John Coffey does not have long to live, as well as the wife of the boss. This puts him at great risk: to bring John to Melinda to heal her. This act was a courageous decision, because a man could not only lose his job, but also get behind bars.
2. In the novel M. AND. Bulgakova "The Master and Margarita" the heroine shows unprecedented courage, agreeing to a deal with Satan. She does this for the sole purpose of finding and returning the Master. A woman experiences pain, fear, disgust, but still gets her way, overcoming herself. Moreover, she had the strength to abandon her dream in order to save Frida. However, the devil appreciated the spiritual wealth of his queen of the ball and rewarded her with eternal rest with the Master. It is courage that helps people achieve what they want.

Justice

1. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter." As we recall, the Pugachev warriors quickly took the Belgorod fortress. Petya Grinev, the protagonist of the work, suffered many different tests: the civil war, the death of the commandant, and massacres. Faced with the choice between death and betrayal, he could go over to the side of Pugachev, as his neighbor Shvabrin had done, but no. The officer gained courage and courage to remain faithful to his duty. When the enemy demanded an immediate answer to the question whether Grinev recognized him as king, he replied: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore the Empress Empress: I can’t serve you. " Peter did not scare, but protected a fair order, not sparing life.
2. L.N. Tolstoy "Father Sergius." The main character is subjected to strong tests, as if he is walking on the verge of holiness and vice. A striking example of courage in the story of Leo Tolstoy is the desire of the protagonist not to succumb to temptation. Sergiy’s father was pushed by the allegedly lost girl who came to her cell with the aim of seducing and killing his desire and hopes for a great gift - to inherit the kingdom of heaven. Thanks to perseverance and courage, the hero was able to interfere with thoughts that could be realized and lead to terrible consequences. In order not to succumb to an alluring deception, the man chopped off his finger. This act greatly shocked the girl, she felt ashamed and in order to beg God for forgiveness, she became a nun.
3. A.N Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". In the play, the author addresses a family problem: a married woman succumbs to sin. Katerina, the main character of the work, succumbed to feelings, passions and cheated on her husband, Tikhon. But for a god-fearing girl, counseling is not an empty phrase. Soul experiences become unbearable, and Katerina takes courage to confess to misconduct. She talks about a terrible event in the temple. She does not stop the fact that for the sake of justice she will lose her faithful spouse, forever lose her reputation and will never marry again. Katerina, despite all this, chose justice. She found the strength in herself to confess. It may hurt to hear the truth, but it is much better than living in a lie.

Love

1. Jack London "Martin Eden." The fisherman Martin Eden, the protagonist of the novel, falls in love with a girl named Ruth from an educated and wealthy family. In order to gain the attention of his beloved, he begins to read many books, study versification, learn different languages. Martin was unlucky for a long time, studying progressed difficult, he didn’t want to print his work in magazines, people around him believed that he was doing nonsense. In order for the money to appear, Martin worked in hard physical work. After a long wait, Martin was offered to print his own works. An adult man went to such feats in order to win the favor of his beloved and please her parents. The hero possessed great willpower, courage, it was these qualities that helped him achieve his own goal.
2. M.A Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita." The Bulgakov novel tells the story of a courageous and persistent woman who is driven by love. For the sake of a wonderful feeling, she not only found the strength to part with her husband and leave a rich apartment with a housekeeper. Margarita was able to sell her soul to the devil to find out if the master is alive or not. After making a deal, she turned into a witch. This reincarnation helped her avenge criticism of Latunsky. The woman completely destroyed his apartment. After all, the critic was able to make the novel not come out, and this news killed the master, made him unhappy, and he ended up in a hospital for the mentally ill. The hero is lucky that he has such a loyal lover who was not afraid to go to whatever is necessary for the well-being of the chosen one. Woland returned the burned novel about Pontius Pilate and gave the lovers eternal peace.
3. A.I. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet". The main character, Vera Nikolaevna Sheina, receives a gift from a longtime admirer, a garnet bracelet, on her birthday. This anonymous person is Georgy Zheltkov, an official who has long been experiencing the brightest feelings for Vera. A man takes courage to send this gift and tell her husband about his feelings. But the woman made it clear that without Zheltkov she would have been much calmer. Then he asks her to listen to Beethoven’s Sonata No. 2. Meanwhile, she gives the mistress the garnet bracelet returned to him, asks to hang him on the icon of the Mother of God. Then he locked himself in his room and took his own life. This is a truly courageous act, which are capable of units.

Evil Courage

1. F.M. Dostoevsky, “Crime and Punishment”. Not all thoughts that come to people's minds are good. One of the terrible thoughts visited the main character of the novel - Rodion Raskolnikov. He decided that he needed to kill the old centaire. The young man decides that this act can completely change his life. There will be no poverty, and sister Duna will not have to marry a mean man. However, everything is not going according to plan. Yes, Raskolnikov had the courage to commit murder. But because of this act, absolutely innocent people suffered: the old woman, her younger sister, who was pregnant, and Raskolnikov himself, because he did not actually kill the old woman, but himself. The main thing is that the hero, having gone through subliminal torment, found the strength in himself to confess to his deed. In a word, courage does not always help a person; it can help that force that destroys it from within.
2. In the epic novel by M. Sholokhov "Quiet Don" the protagonist showed courage throughout the whole story, but in the finale he came to the conclusion that in vain he allowed the war to tear him from his native home. All his courage was blown away, because even Gregory himself did not know where his enemies were. He changed sides of the barricades, not understanding where the truth is, for which it is worth courageously to go all the way. Everywhere there were friends, fellow villagers, fellow citizens, not occupiers and invaders. Using strength and courage against them, Melekhov lost himself, completely confused in life.

Lack of courage

1. N.V. Gogol "The Examiner". In the comedy, the author talks about Anton Antonovich — a city man who is terribly afraid of the Inspector’s arrival. He begins to stubbornly prepare for his arrival, but the stupid city landowners, Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, take the ordinary person as the Examiner. However, Anton Antonovich is trying hard to create a good impression. He lends to Khlestakov how much he asks. He also gives him the best room, generously feeds his servant and the "official" himself. Not only material goods the landlady is ready to sacrifice for the sake of a good impression and in order to avoid verification. He neglects the blessing at the wedding of his only daughter and the Examiner.
2. In the play A. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm" Tikhon did not have the courage to resist the despotism of his mother, humiliating his beloved wife. The man preferred to sneak out of the house, abuse alcohol and forget, rather than solve the problem in the family. Even his wife was more determined and strong-willed. She began a rebellion against conventions and old rules, which ended in her death. Only then did the cowardly and cowardly Tikhon dare to raise his voice to his mother, but it was already too late. Because of his failure, the family was destroyed.

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